A client receiving radiation therapy for lung cancer should be assessed for which sign to monitor infection risk?

• A. Review laboratory test results for low hemoglobin.
• B. Observe for signs of infection.
• C. Monitor the mouth for signs of xerostomia.
• D. Examine the skin for generalized urticaria.

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is recognizing infection risk in a patient undergoing radiation therapy. Radiation can suppress the immune system and disrupt mucosal barriers, so infections can develop quickly and may not be obvious. The best way to monitor this risk is to be vigilant for signs of infection—fever, chills, sweats, fatigue, cough or shortness of breath, redness or drainage at a potential wound or site, or any new or worsening symptoms. Early identification allows prompt treatment and helps prevent complications like sepsis, which is especially important in someone with lung cancer who may have limited reserve.

Low hemoglobin points to anemia, which is a separate issue and not a direct signal of infection risk. Xerostomia (dry mouth) is a local treatment-related effect and can increase the risk of oral infections over time, but it’s not the immediate sign used to monitor infection risk. Generalized urticaria indicates an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction, not infection.